Ayako Akutsu, Rikuo Omae, Eiichi Sasaki

Abstract: This paper presents a workflow that integrates point cloud data and pulsed eddy current measurements for developing 3D digital models that accurately represent the actual condition of existing steel structures, including areas affected by corrosion and subsequent retrofitting. The proposed workflow combines external geometric information obtained through terrestrial 3D laser scanning with internal material and thickness information derived from pulsed eddy current testing, thereby enabling both surface and subsurface conditions to be incorporated into a unified digital modelling framework. To evaluate its feasibility, a case study was conducted on a steel tubular column located in a coastal environment that had experienced corrosion and multiple reinforcement interventions. The workflow was applied to construct a finite element model capable of reproducing complex geometries and variable plate thicknesses caused by damage and repair, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed modelling process to deteriorated steel members. In addition, laboratory experiments were performed to examine the applicability of pulsed eddy current testing for estimating the thickness of overlapping steel plates, which cannot be captured by laser scanning alone. The results confirmed that the eddy current technique can provide internal information necessary for complementing point cloud–based surface models, thus improving the completeness of digital representations. Overall, this integrated workflow has the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of structural modelling and assessment. By linking external and internal inspection data within a single digital framework, the proposed method supports data-driven decision-making for the maintenance and life-cycle management of ageing steel infrastructure.

Keywords: 3D digital modelling, Laser scanning, Point Cloud Data, FEA, Eddy Current.

Date Published: December 23, 2025
DOI: 10.11159/ijci.2025.026

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