Fan Qu, Xinhao Yang, Wen Zhong, Yongxian Chen
Abstract: The application of titanium alloys in frictional environments is significantly hindered by their inherent drawbacks, such as high friction coefficients, elevated wear rates, and poor wear resistance. To address these issues, this study employs laser engraving to texture the surface of titanium alloys. The tribological properties of the treated surfaces are characterized using spectral confocal two-dimensional profilometry, ultra-depth three-dimensional microscopy, and electron microscopy. The results are as follows: 1.Surface texturing demonstrates a measurable improvement in the tribological performance of titanium alloys, with the extent of improvement contingent upon the shape of the texture pattern. Specifically, the friction coefficient of the pitcher plant-inspired texture decreased by 24.5%, while the shark skin-inspired texture exhibited an 18.4% reduction. Comprehensive analysis of friction coefficients and wear rates indicates that the pitcher plant-inspired texture yields the most significant enhancement in tribological performance, whereas the shark skin-inspired texture shows the least improvement. 2.The effectiveness of bio-inspired textures in improving the tribological properties of titanium alloys varies with their lateral dimensions and density. As the lateral dimensions of the textures increase, their ability to reduce friction and enhance wear resistance diminishes. Similarly, a decrease in texture density results in a reduction in their beneficial effects. This study represents the first systematic investigation into the impact of four bio-inspired textures, including pitcher plant and shark skin patterns, on the tribological performance of TC4 titanium alloy. Furthermore, through parameter optimization, critical thresholds for texture dimensions and density are identified, providing valuable insights for future applications.
Keywords: TC4 titanium alloy; Surface modification; Biomimetic micro-texture; Tribological properties; Texture parameter optimization
Date Published: December 29, 2025 DOI: 10.11159/jffhmt.2025.050
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